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A-Z OF GENETICS

The term  "Genetics" (derived from Greek meaning 'to generate') was given by an English biologist William Bateson (in 1906) for the then newly developing branch of biology that dealt with hereditary and variation. He provided classical definition of genetics as a field of study: 'Genetics is the science that deals with hereditary and variation, seeking to discover laws governing similarities and differences between individuals related by descent
       Genetics is concerned with understanding how the traits are transmitted from parents to offspring. In particular, the attempt to explain the mechanism and the basis for similarities and difference between related individuals. It is now known today that the gene is the basic functional unit of hereditary that determine the formation of trait. Therefore, gene is central to the discipline of modern genetics. Geneticist study gene at molecular, cellular, organismal, and populational level. Therefore, simply stated,"Genetics is the study of genes in all its manifestation". Genetics are concerned in particular, with the following type of questions:
  •  the laws of transmission of traits/genes from generation to generation.
  • the physical, chemical and molecular structure of genes.
  • the changes in the form if genes and chromosome (genes and chromosomal mutations).
  • the ways in which genes interact among themselves and with the environment to determine the various traits.    
               Genetics is both an abstract as well as an experimental science. It is abstract in the sense that its entities (genes) began as hypothetical units in the mind of geneticist and were later identified in the physical forms. Still in some areas of genetics, like population and quantitative genetics, gene is treated, as a discrete physical entity. It is also an experimental science as most of our information in genetics comes from the experiment conducted under specified conditions like the results of experimental crosses.
          

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